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一次搞懂所有關係代名詞！高中英文必備完全指南

一次搞懂所有關係代名詞！高中英文必備完全指南

Mar 23. 2025

考前急救包： 12 種關係代名詞用法大全，生活化例句和好記憶的表格，最後還有常見錯誤診斷！

關係代名詞全圖鑑

代名詞 功能 生活例句
who 指人，當主詞 The student who answered correctly got extra points.
whom 指人，當受詞 The teacher whom we admire will retire next month.
whose 表示「某人的」 That's the girl whose brother won the science fair.
which 指事物/動物 The textbook which I borrowed is super helpful.
that 可替代who/which The concert that we attended was amazing.
where 指地點 This is the cafe where we first met.
when 指時間 I'll never forget the day when we graduated.
why 表原因 That's the reason why I study every day.

長難句關代分析

考點 1：分隔結構

例句：The proposal (that the mayor strongly supported) which involved environmental protection was finally approved.

拆解技巧：
  1. 先找主要動詞："was approved"
  2. 鎖定關係子句：限定用法 (that...) + 補述用法 (, which...)

考點 2：多重修飾

例句：Students who join clubs that provide international exchange opportunities tend to develop global perspectives.

考點 3：省略關代

例句：The notebook (Ø) you lent me yesterday has some pages missing.

📝 大考常見陷阱 + 破解技巧

陷阱1：到底是「誰」呀?

1.which /who 傻傻分不清

判斷口訣：「先看指人還指物，人物who物which」
❌The teacher which teaches math is very strict.

✅ The teacher who teaches math...

2. who / whom 終極分辨法

Who 主詞用法：
The girl who sits behind me always shares her notes.
→ 從句動詞是"sits"，主詞空缺用who

Whom 受詞用法：
The classmate whom I tutored got an A+.
→ 從句主詞是"I"，受詞空缺用whom

陷阱2：什麼時候要逗號?

✅ 高分寫法：
My smartphone, which was expensive, works smoothly.
急救包：看到「只有一個」的東西（如手機、媽媽、學校），記得加逗號！忘記會被扣分喔!

陷阱3：where怎麼用

❌ 錯誤：This is the library which I study everyday.
✅ 正確：This is the library where I study everyday.
因為從句缺少地點副詞，需用where

解題SOP：檢查從句是否缺「地點副詞」，若缺就用where，不可以用 which 

✏️ 關係代名詞三步解題法

  1. 找修飾的對象：先確定要修飾的名詞是人/物/地點
  2. 判角色：在從句中當主詞/受詞/所有格？
  3. 選代詞：
    • 看到逗號直接排除 that
    • 人 → who/whom/whose
    • 物 → which/that
    • 地點 → where

學測模考精選練習-選擇題

試題1

The new science museum, ______ roof is shaped like a DNA helix, has become a popular tourist spot.

(A) which (B) that (C) whose (D) where

答案：(C) whose
解析：
  • 空格後接名詞 "roof"，需用所有格關係代名詞
  • 逗號存在 → 補述用法，排除限定用法的 that

試題2

The ancient temple, ______ was built in the 15th century, is now under restoration.

(A) that (B) where (C) which (D) when

答案：(C) which
解析：
  • 逗號存在 → 補述用法，排除 that
  • 主詞空缺，需用 which 代替 temple

深度解析 which 三大用法

📌 限定用法
The laptop which has a blue cover is mine.
(多台電腦中，有藍色保護套的那台)
💡 補述用法
My phone, which I bought last year, needs charging.
(只有一支手機，補充說明購買時間)
🔗 in which 用法
The lab in which we did experiments is being renovated.
= The lab (that) we did experiments in...
記憶口訣：
"Who代主詞 whom代受詞，whose表所有
Which指事物，where地點走
逗號補述非限定，that通用但要小心用！"